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Informist, Friday, Jan. 23, 2026

 

NEW DELHI – The Supreme Court Friday sought a status report from the Central Bureau of Investigation and the Enforcement Directorate on their probe into the alleged bank fraud perpetrated by the Anil Dhirubhai Ambani Group, its Chairman Anil Ambani, Reliance Communications Ltd., and related entities. The apex court was hearing a public interest litigation, filed by former government secretary E.A.S. Sarma, seeking a court-monitored probe into the large-scale bank fraud by Ambani and his companies.

 

More than INR 1.50 trillion of debt of these companies has been written off, said advocate Prashant Bhushan, appearing for Sarma, adding that the money was siphoned off by these entities through many shell companies. This was the "largest bank loan fraud in the country," he said.

 

In the present matter, the investigating agencies have overlooked the five-year delay in filing the first information report by State Bank of India, which clearly indicates involvement of bank officials and other public servants whose conduct enabled, concealed or facilitated the fraud, said the petitioner. Despite being in possession of the 2020 forensic audit report, based on which the complaint was filed and which contains details about issues regarding diversion, evergreening, fictitious transactions and use of shell entities, SBI chose not to take statutory action until August 2025, the petitioner added.

 

The delay in filing the first information report cannot be explained without examining whether officers of the bank acted in collusion or with deliberate intent to shield the borrower group, said the petitioner. The Central Bureau of Investigation and the Enforcement Directorate have entirely failed to investigate this institutional angle, thereby excluding from scrutiny the public officials whose complicity or wilful inaction forms an essential part of the criminal conspiracy, said the petitioner. Since these bank officials are "public servants" under Section 2(c) of the Prevention of Corruption Act, their omissions and commissions attract offences under the Act, making the failure of these agencies to investigate them a grave legal deficiency, Sarma added.

 

The case relates to Reliance Communications Ltd. and its group entities, Reliance Infratel Ltd. and Reliance Telecom Ltd., borrowing INR 315.80 billion from a consortium of banks led by SBI between 2013 and 2017. SBI, through its Deputy General Manager Jyoti Kumar, registered the first information report on Aug. 21, 2025. The complaint alleged criminal conspiracy, cheating, criminal breach of trust and criminal misconduct by Reliance Communications, Anil Ambani and other unknown public servants and individuals, resulting in a wrongful loss of INR 29.29 billion. The first information report was based on a forensic audit report covering the period 2013 to 2017.

 

The probe being carried out by the Central Bureau of Investigation and the Enforcement Directorate excludes the role of bank officials, public servants, and regulatory authorities who form an integral part of the transactional matrix, violating Articles 14 and 21 of the Constitution, said the petitioner. A fair, impartial, and comprehensive investigation is a facet of the right to life under Article 21, the petitioner added. A fraud of this magnitude, involving public money and public institutions, cannot be investigated in a piecemeal manner without examining the conduct of public sector bank officials, statutory regulators, and government authorities, said the petitioner.

 

The five-year unexplained delay by SBI and the inertia displayed by institutions like the Enforcement Directorate clearly indicates deeper institutional complicity that the investigating agencies have entirely ignored, said the petitioner. Despite material indicating frauds aggregating to more than INR 200 billion and searches conducted across over 35 premises, no arrests have been made, no assets have been seized, and no accounts have been frozen, indicating difficulty on the part of the investigating agencies and necessitating judicial supervision, the petitioner added.

 

At 1416 IST, shares of SBI were down 1.3% at INR 1,035.15 on the National Stock Exchange and those of Reliance Communications were up over 4% at INR 1.03.  End 

 

IST, or Indian Standard Time, is five-and-a-half hours ahead of GMT

 

Reported by Surya Tripathi

Edited by Ashish Shirke

 

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